Finding the words to say how you feel: experiences of using embodied metaphors

Introduction: Metaphors play a crucial role in structuring understanding of experiences and enabling expression of thoughts and feelings that are otherwise difficult to articulate. While their use in counselling is well established, limited research has explored how embodied metaphors, grounded in sensory and bodily experiences, facilitate emotional expression. This study addresses a gap by examining participant experiences of using embodied metaphors and their perceived helpfulness in discussing difficult emotions. Method: 20 participants aged 18–52, excluding those with current mental health diagnoses or in therapy, took part in semi-structured interviews. They used embodied metaphors (visual, sound, smell, taste, touch, bodily sensation) to express emotions linked to a difficult experience and rated each metaphor’s helpfulness. Data was analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006, 2019, 2022). Results: Four themes were identified: Sensory Preferences, Memory Trumps Metaphor, Storytelling Through Metaphor, and Gaining Perspective. Sensory preferences, imagery vividness, and memory recall shaped participants’ engagement with metaphors. While embodied metaphors often supported emotional expression and insight, sensory sensitivities and strong memory recall sometimes acted as barriers, shifting focus from emotions to events. Conclusion: Embodied metaphors can facilitate emotional expression, particularly through storytelling. Variations in sensory preferences, imagery vividness, and memory recall influenced perceptions of helpfulness. Findings highlight the potential of embodied metaphors as a therapeutic multi-tool that extends beyond visual imagery to incorporate diverse sensory domains. This personalised approach may deepen emotional exploration and insight, with further research needed to refine clinical applications.