IMPACTS OF ONSHORE POWER INSTALLATION IN FOUR BALTIC SEA PORTS:Emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, air pollution and noise

This report analyzes the environmental impacts of implementing onshore power supply (OPS) in four northern European ports, including reductions of greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions, air quality, and noise.Based on 2023 port call data, the report estimates "saved emissions" achieved by using OPS instead of ship diesel engines at the quay.The Port of Copenhagen accounted for 50% of the total saved emissions, except for CH4, where LNG-fueled ships raised their share to 98%.Stockholm, Helsinki, and Aarhus contributed 25%, 15%, and 10%, respectively.Air quality improvements were assessed by the atmospheric dispersions model OML-Multi.By incorporating saved emissions into the model, reductions in concentrations of NO, PM., and SO were estimated for 2023.Results indicate that the greatest air quality improvements were found near cruise ships and ferry berths.At the urban level, the largest improvements in annual mean concentrations were found in Copenhagen, followed by Aarhus, Stockholm, and Helsinki.Noise assessments, conducted in Copenhagen's Oceankaj area, showed higher ambient noise levels during cruise ships at the quay, attributed to auxiliary engine use in the absence of OPS.Additional noise sources, such as passenger movement and port operations, also contributed.