Formulation and characterization of a micro-transferosomal cream incorporating Uraria picta extract for enhanced topical anti-inflammatory efficacy

Uraria picta, a medicinal herb traditionally used in Ayurveda, possesses notable anti-inflammatory potential attributed to its flavonoids, terpenoids, and sterols. However, its clinical application in topical therapy is limited by poor solubility and skin permeation. This study aimed to formulate and characterize a micro-transferosomal cream incorporating U. picta extract to enhance dermal delivery and anti-inflammatory efficacy. Methanolic leaf extract was prepared via ultrasonic extraction, phytochemically screened, and evaluated in silico for Cyclooxygenase receptor (COX) inhibition. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities for beta amyrone and rhoifolin, surpassing diclofenac, with favorable toxicity profiles. Transferosomes were prepared using soya lecithin and Span 80, characterized microscopically, and incorporated into cream bases (F1–F6). The formulations displayed uniform vesicles (11–45 µm), stable physicochemical properties (pH 7.2–7.5), smooth consistency, and no phase separation. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity, assessed via protein denaturation inhibition, showed significant efficacy of U. picta extract (IC₅₀ = 0.34±0.22 mg/ml) compared to diclofenac (IC₅₀ = 0.47±0.29 mg/ml). Formulations with optimized vesicle size demonstrated superior spreadability and stability. The results indicate that micro-transferosomal delivery substantially enhances the topical potential of U. picta extract, offering a promising platform for natural anti-inflammatory therapeutics.