Strong Nonradiative Recombination Induced by Pronounced Lone‐Pair Electron Expression Following Deprotonation in Aziridinium Lead Iodide Perovskites

Deprotonation of organic cations in hybrid perovskites generates nitrogen‐site hydrogen vacancies that activate lone‐pair electrons and induce configuration‐dependent nonradiative losses. Here, we introduce a novel cyclic A‐site organic cation, aziridinium, into the APbI 3 perovskite lattice and establish a direct structure–function correlation between the molecular configuration of the organic cation and the lone‐pair electron activity associated with nitrogen‐site hydrogen vacancies defects. Compared with conventional formamidinium and methylammonium cations, the geometrically constrained, distorted coordination environment of aziridinium promotes facile deprotonation, resulting in a higher tendency for nitrogen‐site hydrogen vacancies formation. The deprotonated aziridinium species exhibit markedly enhanced lone‐pair electron activity, acting as strong Lewis bases that perturb the local PbI 6 octahedra by detaching Pb 2+ ions and forming stable Pb–AZ dimers. These defect complexes serve as highly efficient nonradiative recombination centers, yielding an ultrahigh carrier capture coefficient of 10 −5 cm 3 s −1 . This work reveals the decisive influence of A‐site cation chemistry on defect energetics and recombination kinetics, emphasizing the necessity of simultaneously optimizing iodide stoichiometry and aziridinium incorporation to suppress nonradiative losses in aziridinium‐based halide perovskites.

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Publication Details

Journal
Energy & environment materials
Published
2026-01-05
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.70224
Primary Topic
Perovskite Materials and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Strong Nonradiative Recombination Induced by Pronounced Lone‐Pair Electron Expression Following Deprotonation in Aziridinium Lead Iodide Perovskites

Linyu Bai, Y. Li, Qingshan Bao, Yanting Qin et al.
Energy & environment materials
Perovskite Materials and Applications
article

Strong Nonradiative Recombination Induced by Pronounced Lone‐Pair Electron Expression Following Deprotonation in Aziridinium Lead Iodide Perovskites

Linyu Bai, Y. Li, Qingshan Bao, Yanting Qin, Xian Zhao, Honghe Zhao
article en

Abstract

Deprotonation of organic cations in hybrid perovskites generates nitrogen‐site hydrogen vacancies that activate lone‐pair electrons and induce configuration‐dependent nonradiative losses. Here, we introduce a novel cyclic A‐site organic cation, aziridinium, into the APbI 3 perovskite lattice and establish a direct structure–function correlation between the molecular configuration of the organic cation and the lone‐pair electron activity associated with nitrogen‐site hydrogen vacancies defects. Compared with conventional formamidinium and methylammonium cations, the geometrically constrained, distorted coordination environment of aziridinium promotes facile deprotonation, resulting in a higher tendency for nitrogen‐site hydrogen vacancies formation. The deprotonated aziridinium species exhibit markedly enhanced lone‐pair electron activity, acting as strong Lewis bases that perturb the local PbI 6 octahedra by detaching Pb 2+ ions and forming stable Pb–AZ dimers. These defect complexes serve as highly efficient nonradiative recombination centers, yielding an ultrahigh carrier capture coefficient of 10 −5 cm 3 s −1 . This work reveals the decisive influence of A‐site cation chemistry on defect energetics and recombination kinetics, emphasizing the necessity of simultaneously optimizing iodide stoichiometry and aziridinium incorporation to suppress nonradiative losses in aziridinium‐based halide perovskites.

Energy & environment materials
Crystal Research (United States) (US)
Shandong University, Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
Openalex Percentile: Top 94%
Perovskite Materials and Applications
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