Evidence-Based Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Prospective Study on A Cardiometabolic Approach

Abstract The study aimed to determine the prevalence of determinants associated with cardiometabolic health risks and cardiovascular disease using an evidence-based, prospective approach in a tertiary care hospital. A single-centered, prospective observational study included 60 subjects with coronary artery disease aged 30–90 years attending the cardiology department between November 2024 and May 2025. Parameters such as BMI, blood glucose, and blood pressure were assessed. Hypertension was the primary prevalent risk factor, frequently observed in diabetic (83.3%) and obese (11.6%) individuals. A significant proportion presented with diabetes (75%) and obesity (16.6%). The results suggest that hypertension and diabetes are the most prevalent conditions, with obesity acting as a substantial risk element linked to multiple cardiometabolic conditions. Strong associations were observed among hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) leads to early and progressive complications, with a high burden in India. Comprehensive, evidence-based strategies including early diagnosis, multifactorial therapy, and specialist referral are crucial to reduce CMD burden.