A high content (30%) stable doxycycline hyclate drinking-water solution for broilers: preparation, stability, and bioequivalence

The 30% DOX·HCl solution represents a high-content, industrially scalable drinking-water concentrate that combines long-term physicochemical stability with bioequivalence to existing products. This formulation offers a more convenient and highly efficient reliable option that could be a potential alternative to commercial products for mixed drinking-water medication of livestock and poultry, particularly under high-density, centralized management conditions.