Comparative Evaluation of Titanium Platelet Rich Fibrin Infused with Triphala indica and Mangosteen Gels for Osteogenic Cell Viability and Gene Expression on Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63): An Ex-vivo Study

Introduction: Titanium-platelet Rich Fibrin (T-PRF) is a secondgeneration Platelet Concentrate (PC) that had a thicker fibrin meshwork, better cellular entrapment and greater with-hold of growth factors. Incorporation of herbal extracts in the form of gels into T-PRF is a novel protocol. To the authors knowledge no study was performed incorporating Triphala indica (Ti) gel and Mangosteen Rind (MS) extract into T-PRF and checked for its effect on cell lines so that it can be claimed as Sustained Drug Delivery Systems (SDDS). Aim: To evaluate the osteogenic cell viability and differentiation of MG-63 cells upon interaction with elutes of T-PRF alone or T-PRF incorporated Triphala indica (Ti) or MS. Materials and Methods: The present ex-vivo study was performed at Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India between February 2025 to April 2025. A 30 years age group healthy volunteer who was willing to take part in the study, without any history of periodontal disease and non-smoker was included. Blood was centrifuged and T-PRF clots were prepared, lyophilised and stored. Further, elutes of Ti and MS were taken and mixed with elute of T-PRF. MTT assay was performed at 1, 3 and 7 days on the cultured MG-63 osteoblastic cell lines. Gene expression was checked for Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 (BMP 2) and Osteopontin (OSP) at 7th day and Alzarin Red Staining (ARS) for late mineralisation on 21st day. Data was gathered and subjected to statistical analysis. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Post hoc HSD Tukey’s multiple comparisons were performed to assess the time changes (1, 3 and 7 days) for MTT assay and qPCR analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: T-PRF alone showed significantly better outcomes than T-PRF+Ti and T-PRF+MS at 1st and 3rd day whereas at 7th day there was no statistically significant difference; whereas T-PRF+Ti showed better significant expression of genes (ALP, BMP 2 and OSP) followed by T-PRF+MS and last T-PRF alone. Alizarin Red (AR) staining showed greater staining in order of T-PRF+MS> T-PRF+Ti > T-PRF alone. Conclusion: T-PRF incorporated with Ti or MS didn’t alter the property of T-PRF and also helped in greater release of ALP, BMP 2 and OSP which showed the positivity of osteoblastic differentiation in in-vitro model making T-PRF a SDDS.