Therapeutic Applications of Selenium Nanoparticles From <i>Typha angustifolia</i>

ABSTRACT The present study focuses on the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using pollen grain extract of Typha angustifolia and the evaluation of their Ct‐DNA binding, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. The synthesized SeNPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDAX). The results confirmed the successful formation of SeNPs, which were predominantly spherical in shape with particle sizes ranging from 10 to 30 nm. Furthermore, the FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of various functional groups derived from the plant extract, which likely played a crucial role in the reduction and stabilization of SeNPs. The SeNPs displayed strong antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria and moderate DNA‐binding affinity (K = 5.17 × 10 2 ). They also exhibited notable antioxidant activity with an IC 50 of 213.33 µg/mL in the DPPH assay, indicating a dose‐dependent free radical scavenging effect. Additionally, anticancer activity against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells was observed with an IC 50 of 137.5 µg/mL. These findings suggest that biosynthesized SeNPs possess significant antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, making them promising prospects for future therapeutic applications.