A systematic review of antimicrobial stewardship practices and challenges in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) regulated retail medicine settings

Our study revealed limited data on AMS implementation in SSA-regulated retail medicine settings. Despite self-reported awareness of AMR, AMS efforts are hindered by systemic challenges such as economic constraints, weak regulatory enforcement, and systemic barriers. Strengthening regulations, public awareness, and multi-stakeholder collaboration is critical to improving AMS in SSA retail medicine settings.