Charged for Change? What does it take to make bidirectional charging attractive?

The ongoing technical development of charging technologies has a need to incorporate the electric vehicle (EV) user’s perspective. Therefore, a survey which aimed to (1) provide a representative overview of current charging behaviour and (2) assess user attitudes toward Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) charging technologies, was conducted. The study focused on the technologies smart charging, Vehicle-to-Home (V2H), Vehicle-to-Building (V2B), and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G). Results indicate that most users charge their EVs several times a week, primarily at home, with a significant share charging at night. Cost savings emerged as the key driver for charging decisions, with users more willing to adjust charging time than location. The survey also revealed varying acceptance levels of V2X technologies. More participants expressed willingness to adopt smart charging or V2H, rather than V2B or V2G. The insights provide valuable input for designing incentives and policies to enhance user acceptance of V2X technologies.