Validation and normative data for a new dynamic instrument evaluating phonological processing skills in Italian first-grade students

Children with DLD who exhibit specific impairments in phonological processing showed limited modifiability in word production, even when facilitative cues were provided. This behavioral pattern may represent a potential marker of phonological processing difficulties and can contribute to a better understanding of DLD phenotypes. Accordingly, the <i>Parla-dino</i> test appears to be a valid and effective tool for identifying phonological vulnerability in Italian children at the beginning of primary school.