Resin Infiltration for Management of Anterior Teeth with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Paediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background/Objectives: The resin infiltration protocol was introduced as a minimally invasive approach for the treatment of incipient carious lesions using low-viscosity resins with high penetration coefficient. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of resin infiltration in hypomineralized anterior teeth of paediatric patients, based on aesthetic improvement, colour change (ΔE), and visual perception. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa and physiotherapy evidence database scales. The level of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation tool. Methods: The following five databases were searched: Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023405299). Results: The search identified 130 preliminary references related to the population, intervention, control, and outcome question, identified from the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, respectively. In addition, two items were added from the grey literature. Ten articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative analyses, and only three studies were included in the quantitative analyses. Positive results regarding stain-size reduction and colour improvement with resin infiltration (Icon®; DMG, Hamburg, Germany), were reported in moderately severe lesions. Luminosity increased immediately after treatment, and the mean difference in total color change (ΔE), T0–T1 was significant (ΔE, 5.45; confidence interval, 1.94 to 8.96; p < 0.01). The most favourable clinical outcomes were observed following the initial resin infiltration. Moreover, the results were maintained at the 6 month follow-up. Conclusions: Infiltration resin can successfully mask white or white/creamy opacities characteristic MIH affected enamel, similar to those in carious enamel for which it was designed. It yields acceptable aesthetic results in anterior teeth with mild to moderate MIH lesions. Lack of predictability is the main limitation of this therapeutic option.