Analysis of factors influencing the efficacy of ovarian vein embolization for pelvic venous insufficiency and development of a short-term efficacy prediction model with internal validation

This study developed an exploratory predictive model to evaluate the risk of nonremission at 3 months after OVE in patients with symptomatic PVI. Three key predictors were identified: duration of pelvic discomfort, left OV diameter, and the presence of internal iliac vein reflux. The model enables preoperative identification of patients at high risk for adverse short-term outcomes.