REVIEW ON ETHNOMEDICINAL USES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF BOERHAVIA DIFFUSA

Phytochemicals are a broad group of plant-derived compounds with diverse structures and functions, many of which exhibit biological effects when consumed by humans. They are most abundantly found in plant-based foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds. Boerhaavia diffusa L. nom. cons., commonly known in traditional Indian medicine as Punarnava, is a perennial creeping herb widely distributed across India. In Ayurveda, B. diffusa is classified as a ―Rasayana‖ herb, recognized for its rejuvenating, disease-preventive, and strengthening properties, which may contribute to reducing disease burden and improving healthcare accessibility. It is considered one of the earliest Ayurvedic remedies noted for treating a variety of health conditions. Extensive ethnopharmacological evidence highlights its therapeutic relevance in reproductive, gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary, hepatic, cardiovascular, and cancer-related disorders. Owing to its rich flavonoid and polyphenol content, the plant possesses significant medicinal value, warranting further scientific exploration to better understand its biological and therapeutic potential. This review article focuses on its taxonomy, geographical distribution, ethnobotanical significance, and diverse pharmacological activities.