Assessment of the Effective Flange Width for Cold-Formed Steel-Timber Composite Beams: A Finite Element Study

This paper proposes the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels in conjunction with back-to-back cold-formed steel (CFS) channel or angle sections in combination with laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beam, for composite CFS-timber beams. Under a hogging and sagging moment, part of the CLT panel will act compositely with CFS-LVL in order to resist compression, while the lower part of CFS-LVL web will be in tension. Whilst shear lag effects have been well-researched for concrete-steel composite beams, there has been little research on this for CLT panels working with CFS-LVL sections. In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) is used to determine the effective flange width (FFW) for CFS-timber beams. In conclusion, the obtained result has shown that the EFW increases with any changes that lead to an increase in the ratio of the transverse layer’s depth to the longitudinal layer’s depth. Moreover, combinations of CFS sections with LVL have significantly resulted in the depth-of-beam decrease.

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Publication Details

Journal
Buildings
Published
2026-01-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16020245
Primary Topic
Wood Treatment and Properties
Type
article
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article

Assessment of the Effective Flange Width for Cold-Formed Steel-Timber Composite Beams: A Finite Element Study

Ashkan Hashemi, Reza Masoudnia, Saber Masoudnia, Zhiyuan Fang et al.
Buildings
Wood Treatment and Properties
article

Assessment of the Effective Flange Width for Cold-Formed Steel-Timber Composite Beams: A Finite Element Study

Ashkan Hashemi, Reza Masoudnia, Saber Masoudnia, Zhiyuan Fang, James B. P. Lim
article en

Abstract

This paper proposes the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels in conjunction with back-to-back cold-formed steel (CFS) channel or angle sections in combination with laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beam, for composite CFS-timber beams. Under a hogging and sagging moment, part of the CLT panel will act compositely with CFS-LVL in order to resist compression, while the lower part of CFS-LVL web will be in tension. Whilst shear lag effects have been well-researched for concrete-steel composite beams, there has been little research on this for CLT panels working with CFS-LVL sections. In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) is used to determine the effective flange width (FFW) for CFS-timber beams. In conclusion, the obtained result has shown that the EFW increases with any changes that lead to an increase in the ratio of the transverse layer’s depth to the longitudinal layer’s depth. Moreover, combinations of CFS sections with LVL have significantly resulted in the depth-of-beam decrease.

BuildingsVol. 16(2)
University of Auckland (NZ), Structural Timber Innovation Company (New Zealand) (NZ), Oldham Council (GB), University of Waikato (NZ)
Sustainable cities and communities
Openalex Percentile: Top 94%
Wood Treatment and Properties
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