Comparing trauma surgery outcomes between APPs and resident-run teams

Since the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's restriction of residents' work hours, trauma surgery teams have begun utilizing physician associates (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs), collectively referred to as advanced practice providers (APPs), to compensate for resident shortages. The increased adoption of APPs in trauma surgical staffing models has led to growing interest in evaluating their impact on quality of care, clinical outcomes, and system-level performance. This literature review aims to evaluate current evidence on APP trauma surgery service outcomes and compare them with those of resident-run teams.