Method validation and profiling of total UV-absorbing contaminants migrating from monolayered low-density polyethylene used for aqueous foods in the Philippines

The widespread consumption of disposable plastics as food contact articles (FCAs) in the Philippines has raised concerns on food safety due to the potential chemical migration of contaminants. In this study, validation of modified 21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 177 method was performed through preliminary screening, determination of validation parameters, and profiling. 18 randomly screened low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bags from 16 brands across Philippine markets were analyzed to identify low and high absorbance levels of total UV-absorbing contaminants (TACs) to be considered for method validation. Validation parameters demonstrated limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.013 AU and 0.033 AU per 50 cm2, ensuring reliable detection at low levels. Results from profiling 47 samples presented variability in migration of TACs across brands and locations, however, all samples were within the maximum allowable limit (MAL) of 0.300 AU set by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Philippines for aqueous foods. These findings account for the potential migration of contaminants throughout production, transportation, environmental conditions, and storage processes. Comparison between food simulants, n-Heptane to mimic fatty and oily foods and water for aqueous foods, was conducted through statistical analysis using previously reported same-laboratory data for n-Heptane. An independent nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test indicated a statistically significant difference between TACs levels of the two simulants. Comprehensive research on yet to be specified contaminants is proposed to further explore probable adverse health effects associated with their toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics.