Electrospun Polyaniline-Graphene/PVA Composite Nanofiber: Structural, Morphological and Thermal Characteristics

Electrospun nanofibers with high surface area and tunable morphology are promising platforms for advanced functional materials. In this work, polyaniline (PANI)–graphene composites were blended with poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and fabricated into nanofibers via electrospinning. Structural, chemical, morphological, and thermal properties were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results reveal enhanced molecular ordering and strong interfacial interactions among PANI, graphene, and PVA, along with bead-free nanofibers exhibiting an average diameter of ~32 nm with a narrow size distribution. TGA demonstrates improved thermal stability with delayed degradation compared to PANI/PVA systems reported in literature, attributed to the stabilizing role of graphene. These findings indicate that materials based on PANI–graphene/PVA nanofibers can serve as a tunable composite platform, which with appropriate compositional or surface modifications may be further developed for specific functional applications. Highlights • Electrospun PANI-Graphene/PVA nanofibers were successfully fabricated. • XRD/FTIR confirmed enhanced crystallinity and strong molecular interactions. • SEM and TGA revealed uniform nanofibers with improved thermal stability.