Automated ICRF heating surrogate modeling via machine learning
This work introduces automated machine learning workflows that address critical bottlenecks in surrogate model development for Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating applications. The automated framework includes data analysis tools that transform raw datasets into actionable insights in seconds, replacing weeks of manual exploratory effort and ensuring consistent, reproducible dataset characterization. By integrating advanced hyperparameter optimization (HPO) methods including Bayesian optimization via BoTorch and Tree-structured Parzen Estimators (TPE), the framework significantly reduces model development time from weeks to hours, decreasing computational cost and required expertise, while enabling high-accuracy surrogate models. Compared to traditional hyperparameter scanning (HPS) techniques such as methodical, randomized, and grid searches, HPO methods achieve superior convergence and predictive performance, even when compared to already well-tuned reference models. On NSTX High Harmonic Fast Wave (HHFW) heating datasets, both Random Forest Regressor (RFR) and neural network surrogates demonstrate improved accuracy, achieving R 2 values beyond 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The results show that while HPO gains are modest for robust architectures like RFR, they become essential for more sensitive models such as neural networks, highlighting the trade-offs across optimization strategies. Through automated workflows that eliminate manual hyperparameter tuning and require minimal ML expertise, this work enables widespread adoption of high-fidelity surrogate models across the fusion community for real-time plasma control, uncertainty quantification, rapid experimental scenario development, and integrated system optimization.
Authors
- S. Shiraiwa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-0441)
- N. Bertelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9326-7585)
- G. M. Wallace (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-3684)
- Álvaro Sánchez-Villar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3727-9319)
- Joseph S. Miller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6411-5670)
- J. Hillairet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1073-6383)
- J. C. Wright (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6524-6149)
- Zhe Bai
- Talita Perciano
- E. Wes Bethel
Institutions
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (US)
- University of California System (US)
- Fusion (United States) (US)
- Plasma Technology (United States) (US)
- Fusion Academy (US)
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (FR)
- San Francisco State University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- EPJ Web of Conferences
- Published
- 2026-01-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202634601005
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 27.96
Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
- Office of Science
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory