Neurodevelopmental, Pharmacological and Substance Use Factors in the Association Between ADHD and First‐Episode Non‐Affective Psychosis: A Systematic Review

Individuals with ADHD, particularly those with persistent symptoms from childhood and neurocognitive deficits, may have an elevated risk of developing FEP. Substance use appears to be an important mediating factor in this relationship. Regarding pharmacological treatment, recent epidemiological evidence provides a more nuanced perspective on stimulant safety, though the evidence remains mixed and requires further investigation. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment, substance use prevention and individualised risk stratification when managing ADHD patients at risk for psychosis.