Altered temporal dynamics of prefrontal ERP responses reflecting neural adaptation in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment

aMCI was associated with accelerated neural adaptation, reflected by trial-by-trial reductions in TAP2A that may indicate altered attentional allocation and reduced neural efficiency. Compared with static measures, temporal dynamics appeared more sensitive to group-related differences among aMCI, CN, and naMCI participants. These findings suggest that slope-based temporal indices may hold exploratory potential as noninvasive indicators of memory-related cognitive change, complementing neuropsychological assessments and contributing to the early characterization of individuals who may be at increased risk of developing AD.