Artificial intelligence in predictive, personalized, and regenerative endodontics: A narrative review of emerging paradigms

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing contemporary endodontics by enabling data-driven precision, predictive accuracy, and biologically oriented regenerative care. This narrative review explores the expanding role of AI across predictive prognosis, personalized treatment planning, and regenerative endodontics. In predictive endodontics, AI-powered algorithms—especially those based on machine learning and deep learning—are enhancing diagnostic accuracy, radiographic interpretation, and outcome prediction by integrating clinical, radiographic, and biological datasets. Predictive learning models can identify risk factors for endodontic failure, estimate periapical healing trajectories, and aid clinicians in making evidence-based decisions. In the realm of personalized endodontics, AI facilitates individualized treatment strategies by analyzing patient-specific data, including pulp vitality, microbial profiles, and systemic health parameters. Such precision-based approaches enable clinicians to move beyond conventional “one-size-fits-all” protocols, optimizing therapeutic choices, including instrumentation techniques, obturation methods, and material selection, to suit individual patient biology. AI-integrated chairside decision support systems further refine patient management through real-time analytics and predictive feedback loops. Regenerative endodontics, which seeks to restore the vitality and function of the pulp-dentin complex, stands to benefit immensely from AI applications. Machine learning models are being used to identify optimal scaffold designs, predict cellular responses, and simulate outcomes of regenerative procedures. Integrating AI with bioinformatics and stem cell research can accelerate the development of biologically responsive materials and treatment protocols for proper tissue regeneration. This review emphasizes that AI-driven predictive analytics and personalized regenerative strategies collectively signify a paradigm shift in endodontic care—from empirical to intelligent, from reactive to proactive. As AI becomes increasingly embedded within digital workflows, the synergy between computational intelligence and biological understanding promises to transform the scope and precision of endodontic therapy in the near future.