Multidimensional analysis of smartphone overuse in insomnia: Integrating digital phenotyping with clinical assessment

Smartphone overuse is independently associated with severe circadian disruption, insomnia, and psychological distress. The integrated assessment approach revealed critical biomarkers and behavioral patterns. Targeted interventions focused on circadian stabilization and behavioral sleep patterns may improve sleep quality and mental health outcomes in this population. Longitudinal research is needed to establish causality.