Bound Optimization by Quadratic Approximation for Heat-Dissipation-Oriented Design of an Air-Cooled Lithium Battery Energy Storage Cabinet

With the increasing energy density of lithium-ion batteries, the heat dissipation performance of air-cooled battery energy storage cabinets has become a critical determinant of both system performance and service life. This performance depends strongly on the geometry of the airflow channels and their influence on the internal flow distribution. In this study, the internal flow field of a battery energy storage cabinet was analyzed, and the airflow-channel geometry was optimized using the BOBYQA algorithm. The results indicate that the risk of thermal runaway is largely associated with inadequate airflow design, which leads to localized heat accumulation. Geometric optimization of the airflow channels reduced the maximum hotspot temperature from 72.9 °C to 57.6 °C. The hotspots were concentrated at the tops of the battery modules. Modifications to the channel geometry increased the airflow velocity and improved its directionality in these regions, thereby reducing both the hotspot temperature and the extent of the affected area. Moreover, slightly increasing the inlet pressure while reducing the outlet pressure produced a more uniform temperature distribution across the tops of the battery modules.