Co-Creating Future Autonomous Vehicle HMIs: A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Passenger Information Needs

This paper investigates passenger information needs concerning the behavior of autonomous vehicles (AVs; SAE L4 and L5) in urban driving scenarios. Understanding these needs is essential for designing effective in-vehicle human-machine interfaces (HMIs) that foster trust and acceptance. A mixed-methods approach was employed to conduct co-creation interviews (N = 15), combining semi-structured interviews, quantitative questionnaires, real-world videos to contextualize critical scenarios, and a mix-and-match co-creation method where participants designed their own AV HMI concepts. The findings highlight key information needs related to AV decision-making, feedback, and safety, offering valuable insights for future HMI development.