Mothers’ knowledge and attitude regarding the benefits of breastfeeding and proper breastfeeding practices at Maiwand Teaching Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study

Breastfeeding is a life-saving practice that offers vital health benefits for both mothers and infants. Despite its importance, breastfeeding rates in Afghanistan remain below optimal levels, contributing to high rates of malnutrition and child mortality. This study aims to assess mothers' knowledge and attitudes regarding the benefits of breastfeeding and proper breastfeeding practices. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted among 361 mothers between April and May 2025 using a non-probability convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics were employed, and Chi-square tests were conducted to examine the associations between mothers' knowledge and attitudes toward breastfeeding and their demographic characteristics, with P < .05 considered significant. Of the 361 distributed questionnaires, all were completed (response rate 100%). The majority of participants, 160 (44.3%), were aged 26 to 35 years. Most mothers, 285 (78.9%), were illiterate. Doctors were the primary source of information for 157 (43.5%). The majority of mothers, 316 (87.5%), demonstrated good knowledge regarding the benefits of breastfeeding, and 266 (73.7%) were aware of its role as a natural vaccine. All mothers 361 (100%) had a positive attitude toward breastfeeding. Regarding proper breastfeeding practices, 246 (68.1%) demonstrated good knowledge. Most mothers (359, 99.4%) had a positive attitude, and 350 (97%) believed breastfed infants are healthier. Most mothers demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitudes toward breastfeeding, recognizing its benefits for growth, intelligence, and disease prevention. However, issues such as the use of feeding bottles and early introduction of complementary foods indicate gaps in practice. Educational and awareness programs should be conducted to increase breastfeeding rates among mothers and prevent child malnutrition and mortality.