Research on efficiency optimization of cyclone pump impellers based on genetic algorithms

As a special type of centrifugal pump, the cyclone pump is widely used in the field of sewage treatment and transportation. Due to its special cyclone structure, complex internal flow, and significant hydraulic losses, most cyclone pumps have low efficiency. Based on this, this paper focuses on the impeller of a vortex pump and proposes a design method that combines blade width trimming with the addition of diverter blades. The geometry of the new impeller is parameterized, the hydraulic performance of the cyclone pump is calculated via numerical simulation, and the parameters are optimized using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution. Finally, the accuracy of the optimization results is verified by model tests. Results indicate that under -rated operating conditions, the optimization scheme developed using the genetic algorithm increased the vortex pump’s head by 2.17 m and improved its efficiency by 8.44% compared to the original design. The optimized model demonstrates enhanced internal flow characteristics, specifically: more organized primary flow circulation, a significant reduction in low-velocity zones, effective suppression of secondary flows and vortex intensity, and consequently, lower hydraulic losses. These improvements collectively enhance the pump’s operational stability and energy conversion efficiency. Experimental measurements of pressure variations across different flow rates showed a 2.7% deviation from simulation results, falling within an acceptable range.