A feasibility study: a non-inferiority study comparing head-mounted and console-based virtual reality for robotic surgery training

Both head-mounted VR and console-based training significantly improved fundamental RAS skills in novices. While our study showed that the VR training shortened the time and attempts required to reach proficiency benchmarks, the small scale of this trial and the breadth of the confidence intervals mean the results should be viewed as preliminary observations. These results provide an initial signal of feasibility that warrants confirmation in larger studies.