Clinical Relevance and Diagnostic Utility of Standard Serum Biomarkers in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Single‐Center Observational Study From Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern in Bangladesh, with an increasing prevalence and limited access to early diagnostic tools. This study aimed to evaluate conventional and emerging biochemical markers in an integrated manner for assessing CKD progression in Bangladeshi adults. Methods A primarily cross‐sectional with exploratory repeated measurement study was conducted at Chittagong Medical College Hospital between May and October 2024. We included 95 participants (70 patients with CKD and 25 healthy controls). Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected. Blood samples were collected to measure serum concentrations of creatinine, uric acid, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, phosphate, albumin, and glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Data were processed using Prism 10. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. The t ‐test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used to compare variables. Results Patients with CKD showed significantly higher serum creatinine, uric acid, and PTH concentrations, lower serum vitamin D and albumin concentrations, and a lower eGFR than controls (all p < 0.05). In patients with CKD, elevated PTH and phosphate concentrations combined with reduced calcium and vitamin D concentrations indicate mineral bone disorder, whereas hypoalbuminemia reflects poor nutritional status and underlying systemic inflammation. Conclusion This study highlights the diagnostic utility of serum uric acid, PTH, albumin, and vitamin D concentrations in conjunction with traditional renal markers for efficient detection and monitoring of CKD progression in Bangladesh. Regular screening and effective management of comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes, are essential to reduce CKD‐related morbidity and mortality.