A survey on Graph-Based Models for Science and Engineering

Graph theory model is an important branch of discrete mathematics. It provides a significant framework for modeling and analyzing relationships and structures in a wide range of many fields. This survey presents a thorough overview of the fundamental concepts in graph theory and investigates its various applications in many areas, including computer science, biology, transportation, social networks, and logistics. The objective is to demonstrate how graph-theoretical methods enhance problem-solving and decision-making in scientific and engineering fields Graph theory is concerned with the study of the features and applications of graphs. A graph represents a collection of objects known as vertices or nodes connected by edges or links. The primary claim of graph theory is to The central aim of graph theory is to gain insight into the configuration of these graphs and to address various problems such as to connectivity, finding best route, and the optimization issues of network, etc