Conveying blue carbon as a scientific concept: A content analysis of Japanese television and newspapers

Blue carbon, introduced by the United Nations Environment Programme in 2009, has gained global attention as a promising strategy for mitigating climate change. This paper examines how Japanese television and newspapers convey blue carbon, focusing on their role in shaping scientific concepts within marine governance. Through a content analysis of 29 television programs and 26 newspaper articles published between March 2023 and August 2024, the study evaluates each coverage against five expert-defined criteria, including the explanation of blue carbon mechanisms, current conditions of marie ecosystems, and associated risks and challenges. Results reveal that Japanese television and newspapers insufficiently address scientific explanations of blue carbon, such as presenting potential challenges and risks, or appropriate use of quantitative data for public understanding. Furthermore, biases considered specific to Japan were also identified. This lack of depth or biases may limit the effectiveness of public communication in fostering an accurate and comprehensive understanding of blue carbon. Thus, this study highlights the importance of presenting balanced narratives that incorporate both the benefits and challenges of blue carbon initiatives. Additionally, the findings emphasize the critical need for enhanced understanding and collaboration among media professionals, policymakers, marine scientists to ensure the development of effective communication strategies. Such approaches can not only improve public awareness but also facilitate the adoption of informed policies. By bridging gaps between expert knowledge and public discourse, this research contributes to the advancement of science-based marine policy in Japan and provides a model for other countries.