PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-UROLITHIC ACTIVITY OF SINAPIS ARVENSIS LEAVES EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

The present study investigates the pharmacological, antioxidant, and anti-urolithic potential of methanolic leaf extract of Sinapis arvensis in experimental rats. Methanol extraction yielded 22.45 g from 500 g of dried plant material, with an extraction efficiency of 11.55%. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenolics, proteins, and saponins, which are known to contribute to therapeutic activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were measured as 68.3 mg/g and 53.9 mg/g gallic acid and rutin equivalents, respectively. Antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH assay demonstrated moderate radical scavenging activity with an IC₅₀ of 48.46 μg/mL, compared to 21.40 μg/mL for ascorbic acid. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups related to bioactive constituents. In the ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis model, the extract, particularly at 400 mg/kg, significantly reduced elevated serum creatinine, urea, calcium, and phosphorus levels, and indicating anti-urolithic effects. These findings support the traditional use of Sinapis arvensis and suggest its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing urolithiasis and oxidative stress.