Tidal Phenomena on Earth, Planets, and Moons: From Gravitational Gradients to Cosmic Mass-Energy Influx

<p>Tidal phenomena are among the most familiar confirmations of gravity, from Earth’s oceans to the plumes of Enceladus and the volcanism of Io. Their mathematical description is well established, and the subject is often considered settled.<br>This article invites the reader to look again.</p> <p>Using the <strong>Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT)</strong>, we reinterpret tides without challenging any observed facts or calculations. In CIT, gravity is associated with a continuous cosmic mass–energy Influx, while tidal forces arise from gradients in that Influx. This perspective preserves classical results while suggesting a deeper physical role for tides in planetary growth and episodic geological activity.</p>