Biomaterials Developed with an Oxyresveratrol-Rich Artocarpus lakoocha Extract Exhibiting High Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Strong Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Fibroblast Compatibility

Aim: Wounds pose significant clinical challenges due to delayed healing and a high risk of infection. Advanced biomaterials that provide structural support and are enriched with bioactive compounds offer promising solutions. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities (DPPH) of biomaterials enriched with extracts derived from Artocarpus lakoocha (A. lakoocha), which were identified as Oxyresveratrol-rich based on LC–MS Q-TOF phenolic profiling; and to evaluate the effects of these biomaterials on cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal organization using NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells in vitro. Methods: Extracts of A. lakoocha were prepared and analyzed for TPC, TFC, antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay, and phenolic profiling by LC–MS Q-TOF. Biomaterials enriched with the extract were fabricated using an appropriate synthesis approach. Cytocompatibility was evaluated in NIH-3T3 cells by MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 hours, and immunofluorescence imaging was performed to examine cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. Results: The A. lakoocha extract exhibited high phenolic (541.3 ± 14.1 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (96.3 ± 5.1 mg QE/g) contents, along with strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 98.03 ± 0.57 µg/mL). LC–MS Q-TOF analysis revealed Oxyresveratrol as the predominant phenolic compound in the extract. Extract-enriched biomaterials exhibited porous structures with high surface area and maintained excellent swelling capacity (>415%). The MTT assay demonstrated a significant increase in cell viability, particularly at 48 hours (approximately 12.9% increase). Immunofluorescence imaging revealed enhanced F-actin organization and improved intercellular interactions. Conclusions: Biomaterials enriched with A. lakoocha extract and rich in Oxyresveratrol demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties, strong antioxidant activity, and superior cytocompatibility, indicating strong potential as advanced wound dressings. Further in vivo studies are recommended to confirm therapeutic efficacy.