Meta-analysis of the effects of probiotic supplementation on bone turnover markers in middle-aged and elderly patients with osteoporosis

Probiotic supplementation is associated with enhanced bone formation and reduced bone resorption in individuals with osteoporosis. Multi-strain formulations and higher dosages yielded the greatest improvements, particularly among postmenopausal women. These findings support probiotics as a promising adjunctive strategy for improving bone health and potentially reducing fracture risk. However, longer-term trials and strain-specific mechanistic studies are needed to confirm clinical utility.