Covert underwater communication through cepstrum modulation mimicking Pseudorca crassidens whistles using machine learning

The increasing demand for clandestine communication in underwater acoustic environment reflects the remarkable growth of research in underwater acoustic communication and networking. Mariners are driven to transmit information covertly in the ocean keeping it hidden from unfriendly users and intruders. This research introduces a novel technique of covert underwater acoustic communication that mimics false killer whale whistles. The secret information is embedded using cepstrum transform to imitate Pseudorca crassidens whistles. This covert communication can be achieved even in the presence of eavesdroppers, who are unable to recognize the communication signal due to unique watermarking characteristics. The proposed model uses machine learning to assess imperceptibility and demonstrates exceptional robustness and improved capacity. To validate the model for secure communication and networks, underwater experiments were conducted, resulting in superior bit error rate and high watermark capacity with a perfect low probability of recognition constraint covert communication.

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Publication Details

Journal
Scientific Reports
Published
2026-01-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-34297-5
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
44.99

Funders

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Covert underwater communication through cepstrum modulation mimicking Pseudorca crassidens whistles using machine learning

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Covert underwater communication through cepstrum modulation mimicking Pseudorca crassidens whistles using machine learning

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article en
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Abstract

The increasing demand for clandestine communication in underwater acoustic environment reflects the remarkable growth of research in underwater acoustic communication and networking. Mariners are driven to transmit information covertly in the ocean keeping it hidden from unfriendly users and intruders. This research introduces a novel technique of covert underwater acoustic communication that mimics false killer whale whistles. The secret information is embedded using cepstrum transform to imitate Pseudorca crassidens whistles. This covert communication can be achieved even in the presence of eavesdroppers, who are unable to recognize the communication signal due to unique watermarking characteristics. The proposed model uses machine learning to assess imperceptibility and demonstrates exceptional robustness and improved capacity. To validate the model for secure communication and networks, underwater experiments were conducted, resulting in superior bit error rate and high watermark capacity with a perfect low probability of recognition constraint covert communication.

Scientific ReportsVol. 16(1)
Harbin Engineering University (CN), Umm al-Qura University (SA), Nanfang Hospital (CN), Bahria University (PK)
Umm Al-Qura University
Life below water
Openalex Percentile: Top 0%
Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
44.99
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