A risk management framework for identifying and addressing risks in PPP transportation projects in Iran

Purpose This study aims to develop a comprehensive risk management framework for public-private partnership (PPP) transportation projects in Iran. While existing research addresses PPP risks, few studies systematically connect risk assessment with treatment strategies for transportation projects. This research identifies, categorizes and mitigates critical risks, enhancing project reliability and supporting stakeholder decision-making through evidence-based risk management approaches tailored to Iran's context. Design/methodology/approach A four-step methodology was employed. First, risks were identified through literature review and structured expert interviews. Second, t-tests identified critical risks and assessed stakeholder agreement. Third, factor analysis grouped risk factors based on statistical correlations. Finally, tailored treatment strategies were developed for each risk group, validated using empirical data from Iranian PPP highway projects, ensuring context-specific strategy formulation. Findings Five critical risk groups emerged: private sector commitment, public-political factors, contractual issues, project initiation and macroeconomic conditions. Private sector commitment and public-political factors proved to be the most influential. Key effective strategies include selecting reliable private partners, improving consultant-owner coordination and prioritizing projects with demonstrated public value. These targeted strategies significantly enhance outcomes by addressing Iran's context-specific challenges. Originality/value This study presents a pioneering framework that integrates risk identification, analysis and treatment strategies for PPP transportation projects. Unlike prior research focusing on risk identification, it provides evidence-based, actionable mitigation strategies tailored to Iran's socio-economic context. The framework offers practical tools for stakeholders and advances project management scholarship with a replicable methodology applicable to emerging markets.