Understanding and Mitigating Perovskite Morphology-Induced Performance Degradation in Industrial-Textured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (PSTSCs) suffer from nonconformal perovskite coverage on industrial-grade micron-textured silicon, leading to efficiency and stability degradation. This study combines photoelectrical simulations and experiments to elucidate the degradation mechanisms and develop mitigation strategies. It reveals that conformal deposition improves optical response and reduces electrical losses. Beyond perovskite morphology regulation, increasing the perovskite subcell current can further alleviate performance degradation. To validate simulation results, we fabricate PSTSCs with varying perovskite morphologies and thicknesses, achieving precise current matching and enhanced performance. Notably, the optimized PSTSCs, featuring thick and conformal perovskites, achieve an efficiency beyond 32% (∼1 cm²) with hysteresis (<1%) and enhanced long-term stability, retaining 98% of their initial efficiency after 430 h of continuous maximum power point tracking. These findings not only advance the understanding of textured PSTSCs but also provide practical insights for enhancing their efficiency and stability, thereby facilitating the commercial development of PSTSCs.