Posterior deformity correction and internal fixation for sagittal imbalance due to spontaneous fusion in lumbar spondylolisthesis: A case report

LS with SF and SI is encountered clinically but remains under-specified for surgical decision-making; importantly, when LS and SI coexist, symptoms are not invariably attributable to the slipped level - marked forward stooping may instead reflect ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, nerve-root entrapment, adhesions, or other adjacent-level pathology. In selected patients, LS with SI does not require reduction of the slipped vertebra; surgical objectives can be achieved by decompression of the symptomatic level(s) and restoration of segmental lordosis to re-establish global alignment.