A Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping Based Dynamic Modelling of Building Information Modelling and Internet of Things Integration for the Construction Safety Culture

The construction industry faces persistent safety challenges despite technological advancements. While previous research has examined Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications in safety management separately, the systemic influence of their integrated implementation on construction safety culture remains insufficiently investigated. This study introduces the first application of dynamic Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) to model complex interrelationships between fourteen key BIM-IoT integration advantages and sixteen construction safety culture components across psychological, organizational, and behavioral dimensions. Unlike previous FCM applications focusing on static relationships, this research captures both direct causal relationships and indirect reinforcing feedback loops through a novel six-scenario simulation framework. The methodology uniquely quantifies amplification effects through FCM augmentation analysis, revealing how indirect causal pathways significantly enhance the overall influence of specific advantages beyond direct impacts static and dynamic FCM analyses comprehensively quantify both direct and indirect impacts across implementation scenarios. Findings reveal that advantages such as regulatory compliance support, real-time decision-making, and improved safety inspections exert strong direct influence, while hazard visualization, safety training, and near-miss reporting have significant indirect effects through reinforcing feedback loops. Novel clustering-based scenario simulations reveal that proactive safety management and safety communication clusters have highest impact on strengthening safety culture, while intrinsic psychological factors like personality traits remain less influenced by technological interventions. This research offers the first system-oriented dynamic perspective on how BIM-IoT integration systematically transforms construction safety culture, providing strategic tools for decision-makers to forecast outcomes and prioritize interventions. The developed framework advances FCM methodology by combining multi-scenario dynamic analysis with augmentation quantification, enabling comprehensive technology-culture interaction assessment. Future research should explore field validation and cultural adaptability of the model in large-scale and multicultural construction environments.