Do Health Care Professionals Trust Parents? A Team Ethnography of Childhood Vaccine Hesitancy from Seven European Countries
Social-scientific scholarship on vaccination has often stressed the importance of trust. Vaccine hesitancy has commonly been viewed as determined by the degree of trust that parents have in expert knowledge, health care authorities, and health care professionals (HCPs). Focusing primarily on parents as trustors, the bilateral nature of trust and HCPs' trust in parents have seldom been considered. This article systematically explores these commonly overlooked aspects of trust-building. Drawing on a team ethnography in seven European countries consisting of 466 hours of observations, 167 in-depth interviews with vaccine-hesitant parents, and 171 in-depth interviews with HCPs, this article explores the levels, expressions, and outcomes of trust in the vaccination context. We suggest that trustful relationships are influenced by interpersonal and generalized trust and expressed through both the affective and cognitive dimensions. We further explore interactions where HCPs' (dis)trust may mitigate vaccine hesitancy. We conclude by providing policy implications for education, campaigns, and interventions.
Authors
- Paulina Polak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-0486)
- Alistair Anderson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2385-0211)
- Mario Cardano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-3020)
- Dino Numerato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4821-6471)
- Aleksandra Wagner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-5597)
- Ana Patrícia Hilário (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-5127)
- Joana Mendonça (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7292-5836)
- Tadeusz Józef Rudek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8498-614X)
- Pia Vuolanto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8056-6909)
- Alice Scavarda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-318X)
- Luigi Gariglio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6970-3885)
- Petra Auvinen
- P Hobson-West
- Esther Lermytte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-6892)
- Aapo Kuusipalo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4154-6806)
- Piet Bracke
- Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková
- Maria Świątkiewicz-Mośny
Institutions
- Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (PT)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Tampere University (FI)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Charles University (CZ)
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of Turin (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Health and Social Behavior
- Published
- 2026-01-07
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1177/00221465251398796
- Primary Topic
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00