Nanomotors for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

ABSTRACT Neurological diseases severely impact the safety and quality of life of patients. Due to the biological barrier effect of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and the complexity of the lesion microenvironment, treating brain diseases faces limitations such as low drug delivery efficiency and insufficient targeting. Nanomotors, with their autonomous movement capability and efficient penetration ability, have been widely utilized. These nanomotors achieve high drug loading and functional synergy based on biomimetic asymmetric configurations and multifunctional integration, converting other forms of energy into mechanical energy for autonomous movement, thereby enhancing permeability in complex brain tissues. Modifying nanomotors with brain‐targeting receptors or encapsulating them with biomimetic cell membranes can enhance their ability to penetrate the BBB. This review summarizes research progress of nanomotors in the treatment of brain diseases, including structural design, driving methods, and strategies targeting the BBB, as well as current applications in areas such as glioblastoma, ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurological inflammation. It elucidates the advantages of nanomotors in the treatment of brain diseases, and finally discusses the challenges faced in the design of nanomotors and their application prospects.