An investigation of the relationship between grit, physical activity, and self-efficacy: a variable-centered and person-centered approach

Self-efficacy is consistent with a mediating role linking grit to PA among university students. The identification of three distinct profiles reveals meaningful heterogeneity in motivational configurations. Students with high grit and self-efficacy demonstrate optimal PA engagement, while those low in both represent a vulnerable subgroup requiring targeted intervention. Integrating variable- and person-centered approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of motivational processes underlying active lifestyles in higher education, emphasizing the need for tailored, profile-specific interventions.