The dangers of occupational vigilance: a scoping review

Abstract Objective: This scoping review systematically mapped the current evidence base for occupational vigilance to identify research gaps and inform future intervention development. Background: Vigilance, the ability to sustain attention to detect rare critical events, is essential across numerous occupations, yet performance typically deteriorates within minutes. Despite extensive laboratory research, occupational applications remain poorly understood, representing a significant gap given safety and productivity implications in contemporary workplaces. Method: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched multiple databases for empirical studies examining occupational vigilance. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, with data extracted on study characteristics, measurement approaches, performance outcomes, and moderating factors. Results: Twelve empirical studies spanning military, healthcare, nuclear operations, air traffic control, and aquatic safety sectors were identified. Consistent vigilance decrements emerged across contexts, with performance deterioration occurring within 5-15 minutes and substantial effect sizes (often η²ₚ > 0.7). Individual differences, particularly expertise and working memory capacity, significantly moderated outcomes. The evidence base remains narrow, concentrated in safety-critical domains, and relies heavily on laboratory simulations. Conclusion: Occupational vigilance research demonstrates robust decrements across diverse contexts, but critical gaps exist in understanding vigilance demands in emerging work environments, effective intervention strategies, and long-term vigilance requirements.