Development and application of artificial intelligence in traditional Chinese medicine research and development

AI has transformative potential in TCM development, addressing key challenges across various stages. In drug design, AI accelerates the identification of active compounds, optimizes formula composition, and models pharmacodynamic relationships to enhance innovation efficiency and precision. During pharmaceutical manufacturing, AI contributes to process optimization, quality control, and the standardization of TCM products, ensuring stable and scalable production. For market access, although no TCM developed by AI has entered the clinic, AI has played a role in comprehensive safety and efficacy assessments and simplified regulatory compliance in other drugs. By leveraging these advances and reviewing limitations, AI promotes the need to develop more integrated, more efficient, and more utilized methods in TCM R&D.