Socio-behavioral determinants of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional analysis
Approximately one in seven middle-aged adults in outpatient settings has undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. A higher body mass index, lower physical activity, and smoking were independently associated with an undiagnosed status. These readily assessable socio-behavioral factors should inform screening strategies and risk assessments in primary care.
Authors
- Zafar Ali Shah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1809-9163)
- Muhammad Ilyas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-7743)
- Ijaz Habib
- Nawal Alsubaie
- Amani S. Alrossies
- Syed Muzammil Shah
- Gauhar Saddique
Institutions
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (SA)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (IT)
- Khyber Medical University (PK)
- The University of Agriculture, Peshawar (PK)
- Lady Reading Hospital (PK)
- Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (PK)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Public Health
- Published
- 2026-01-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1735170
- Primary Topic
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University