The Tambourine in Sudan: Past and Present

Traditional musical instruments are the main pillar to reflect and know the musical characteristics of the society clearly, and traditional music among the ethnic groups in Sudan occupies a special place among other heritages because of its connection to various aspects of life (rites of passage), and we find that instruments are the main axis to know the tonal compositions of the group that uses them. The environmental and climatic diversity in Sudan has created a diversity in the musical instruments that man uses by nature and has practiced various types of performing arts to satisfy his taste, temperament and tendencies. There are practices and rituals accompanying the manufacture of a number of musical instruments by some of the Sudanese tribes, and we find that the musical heritage in Sudan has not received sufficient scientific study, research and analysis, and since Sudan contains within it that ethnic diversity based on the tribe, we would like to know the traditional musical instruments used by a number of tribes in practicing their musical heritage, and traditional musical instruments are born of the environment and are used by man for his own purposes. There is no doubt that the music they knew was not just naïve sounds in its lowest degree, and it could not be a song of love, nor a reason for recreation and entertainment only, and it did not have an effect on the psychological expression of pain or joy, as the feeling of the individual in the innate peoples hardly has any effect, as everyone is involved in a public life based on self-defense and hunger, as the natural man sees himself surrounded by thousands of natural phenomena that he is not aware of. For example, he sees birth, death, production, growth, rain, drought, he sees sunlight, the darkness of the night, the gusts of wind, the thunderstorm, the flash of lightning, he does not realize what these phenomena are, and he does not know who imposed them on him, and all he cares about is to know how to ward off harm from himself, and in these attempts he resorts to screaming and the magic of voices. In thisresearch, we try to shed light on the tambous instrument in light of the heritage that has become threatened with the waves of globalization that swept the world, and in the future, this research can be analyzed to develop theories and laws that define characteristics and identity. Sudanese Music: Because of the lack of sufficient references in this subject, we find that theresearch relied on field collection and relied on the information provided by the narrators, taking the collective witness approach in verifying the information.