Citric Acid‐Mediated Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Polyphenol‐Polyethylene Glycol for Tough Adhesives

ABSTRACT Adhesives are essential in diverse industrial fields, and bioadhesives play a critical role in medicine for minimally invasive tissue repair and device integration. However, existing systems, particularly polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based adhesives, often suffer from brittleness, inadequate performance under extreme temperatures, and limited substrate versatility. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel polyphenol‐PEG adhesive platform through citric acid (CA)‐mediated liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). This process, driven by CA‐regulated hydrogen bonding as confirmed by XPS, FTIR, UV spectroscopy, and solution studies, produces adhesives with exceptional properties: peel strength near 15 N/cm, shear strength exceeding 4 MPa on hydrophilic substrates, rapid adhesion within 10 s, and operational stability from liquid nitrogen temperatures up to about 150°C, maintaining over 1 MPa shear strength at 200°C exposure. The adhesive demonstrates effective sealing of fractured bone, adhering to wet biological tissues and serving as an eco‐friendly solution for restoring cultural artifacts. This study establishes the condensate formed by the CA‐regulated LLPS process in the polyphenol‐PEG system as a novel, ultra‐robust adhesive suitable for demanding biomedical and industrial applications.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Applied Polymer Science
Published
2026-01-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.70298
Primary Topic
Surgical Sutures and Adhesives
Type
article
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article

Citric Acid‐Mediated Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Polyphenol‐Polyethylene Glycol for Tough Adhesives

Jing Zou, N. Li, Hongdan Bao, Hao Chen et al.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science
Surgical Sutures and Adhesives
article

Citric Acid‐Mediated Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Polyphenol‐Polyethylene Glycol for Tough Adhesives

Jing Zou, N. Li, Hongdan Bao, Hao Chen, Heng Zhang, Yan Guo, Kaiyuan Huo, Guangyu Chen, Weidong Xia
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Adhesives are essential in diverse industrial fields, and bioadhesives play a critical role in medicine for minimally invasive tissue repair and device integration. However, existing systems, particularly polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based adhesives, often suffer from brittleness, inadequate performance under extreme temperatures, and limited substrate versatility. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel polyphenol‐PEG adhesive platform through citric acid (CA)‐mediated liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). This process, driven by CA‐regulated hydrogen bonding as confirmed by XPS, FTIR, UV spectroscopy, and solution studies, produces adhesives with exceptional properties: peel strength near 15 N/cm, shear strength exceeding 4 MPa on hydrophilic substrates, rapid adhesion within 10 s, and operational stability from liquid nitrogen temperatures up to about 150°C, maintaining over 1 MPa shear strength at 200°C exposure. The adhesive demonstrates effective sealing of fractured bone, adhering to wet biological tissues and serving as an eco‐friendly solution for restoring cultural artifacts. This study establishes the condensate formed by the CA‐regulated LLPS process in the polyphenol‐PEG system as a novel, ultra‐robust adhesive suitable for demanding biomedical and industrial applications.

Journal of Applied Polymer ScienceVol. 143(12)
Hunan University of Science and Technology (CN), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN), Wenzhou University (CN), Ningbo No. 2 Hospital (CN), Wound Healing Society (US)
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Openalex Percentile: Top 95%
Surgical Sutures and Adhesives
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Citric Acid‐Mediated Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Polyphenol‐Polyethylene Glycol for Tough Adhesives — Jing Zou, N. Li, et al. · Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS