Met and unmet assistive technology needs, participations restrictions and quality of life of spinal cord injury survivors: systematic review

Abstract Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to profound functional impairments, participation restrictions, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Assistive technologies (AT), such as mobility aids, computer adaptations, and environmental control systems, have been proposed to mitigate these limitations. Though, the extent to which AT improves or limits participation and QoL among individuals with SCI remain indistinct. Objective This systematic review aimed to identify the met and unmet assistive technology needs, their influence on participation restriction and quality of life and highlight gaps for future research. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, and EBSCOhost and using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) such as “assistive technology,” “spinal cord injury,” “participation restrictions,” and “quality of life.” These studies were screened for relevance using a topical scan and PICO framework, followed by critical appraisal using the CASP tool. Only peer-reviewed articles published from 2015 onward were included. Results Ten studies were included in the final synthesis, comprising six experimental studies, two cross-sectional studies, one narrative review and one case study. Findings unswervingly indicated that access to various assistive technologies for example sports wheelchairs, computer adaptations, and robotic systems were associated with improved participation and Quality of life. Main key barriers to AT adoption included high costs, limited accessibility, and insufficient user training. Conclusion Assistive technologies play a significant part in enhancing the lives of individuals with SCI. However, systemic barriers remain. Addressing these challenges through policy reform and user-centered service delivery is crucial for maximizing the potential of AT.