The Effect of Aeromonas Hydrophila Bacteria on Malondialdehyde Levels in The Gills, Liver Enzymes, And Liver Tissues of Cyprinus Carpio L. Fish Fed a Diet Containing Prosopis Farcta and Its Comparison with The Antibiotic Oxytetracycline

various dietary treatments supplemented with powder, and alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the Prosopis farcta plant compared to the control treatment containing the antibiotic oxytetracycline. This was assessed by examining MDA levels, liver enzymes, and liver tissue in Cyprinus carpio carp fish injected with a 3 × 10¹⁰ CFU/mL dose. The A. hydrophila caused the death of approximately 22% of the fish within two weeks after injection. In this study, infection with A. hydrophila induced motile Aeromonas septicemia and a higher mortality rate among the fish. The control treatment recorded the highest MDA level of 2.35 mg MDA/g at the P ≤ 0.05 significance level, while the third treatment had the lowest at 0.679 mg MDA/g in the fish gills. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected on day 14 post-infection. In contrast, treatments 3, 5, 6, and 7 recorded the highest concentrations at 263, 264, 281, and 276 IU/L, respectively at the P ≤ 0.05 significance level, whereas the uninfected negative control (T0) recorded the lowest at 169 IU/L for the AST enzyme. Liver enzymes served as clear indicators of infection, reflecting the infiltration of inflammatory cells and showed signs of infection and inflammation in various regions of the fish’s body, including skin ulcers, necrosis, and degeneration of the soft fin rays. Furthermore, hemorrhaging and necrosis in the internal organs led to increased accumulations of phagocytic cells in the liver. Based on these results, infection with A. hydrophila may cause oxidative stress and liver cell damage, directly contributing to the pathophysiology and progression of diseases in infected fish